What are milia?

• A. Pigmented spots
• B. Enlarged pores
• C. Blood blisters
• D. Keratin-filled cysts beneath the epidermis

Answer: (D)

Milia are tiny keratin-filled cysts that lie just beneath the surface of the skin (in the epidermis). They appear as small, firm white or yellow-white bumps about 1–2 mm in diameter, commonly around the eyes, cheeks, or nose. Keratin—the skin’s protein—gets trapped during skin cell turnover, so these cysts form instead of keratin being shed normally. Because they’re superficial and not pigment or oil-filled, milia are not pigmented spots, nor are they enlarged pores or blood blisters. Milia can be present at birth or develop later in life, sometimes after skin trauma, sun exposure, or heavy topical products. Most disappear on their own in weeks to months, but if persistent, they’re best treated by a professional who can remove them safely; avoid squeezing to prevent scarring. Gentle exfoliation and, in some cases, topical retinoids may help prevent new milia, but professional care is recommended for removal.